What does genetics primarily examine?

Genetics primarily examines the mechanisms of heredity, which involves the study of how traits and characteristics are passed from one generation to the next through genes. This field of biology looks at the structure and function of genes, the processes of gene expression, and how variations in genes can influence physical and behavioral traits in organisms.

Understanding genetics allows researchers to explore various phenomena, such as genetic disorders, inheritance patterns, and the role of genetic variations in evolution and adaptation. Through studies in genetics, scientists can also investigate how genes interact with environmental factors, leading to the development of specific traits and the overall understanding of biological diversity. This foundational knowledge is essential for fields like medicine, agriculture, and conservation biology, where genetic principles are applied to improve health outcomes, crop yields, or the preservation of species.