What is one of the key roles of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

One of the key roles of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to translate the sequence of nucleic acids into amino acids. This process occurs during protein synthesis, where tRNA plays an essential role in decoding the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon region that recognizes and binds to a specific codon on the mRNA strand, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This specificity is critical for translating the encoded genetic information into functional proteins, which perform a myriad of vital functions within the cell.

In contrast, the other options describe roles that do not pertain to tRNA. For instance, carrying DNA to the ribosome is not a function of tRNA; rather, messenger RNA (mRNA) serves that purpose by transporting the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Serving as a template for DNA replication is a role associated with DNA itself or RNA primers but not with tRNA, as tRNA does not participate in the replication of DNA. Lastly, tRNA is not involved in lipid synthesis; this is primarily carried out by different molecules and enzymes within cellular pathways dedicated to lipid metabolism. Thus, the translation of nucle