What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and functionality of the cell by controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins that serve various functions, including acting as channels or carriers for specific molecules. This selective permeability allows the cell to regulate its internal environment, ensuring that essential nutrients enter while waste products are expelled. Additionally, the cell membrane is involved in cell signaling and communication with other cells due to receptor proteins present on its surface.

The other functions listed—providing energy, synthesizing proteins, and storing genetic material—are carried out by other cellular components. Energy production occurs in organelles like mitochondria, protein synthesis takes place on ribosomes, and genetic material is housed within the nucleus. Each of these processes is vital, but they do not pertain to the primary role of the cell membrane.