What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the cellular machinery by serving as the site for protein synthesis. They are complex structures made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, and they can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.

During the process of translation, which is part of gene expression, ribosomes read the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence that has been transcribed from DNA. They facilitate the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains, ultimately leading to the formation of proteins. This process is essential for the cell's function, as proteins are required for a vast array of activities including structural support, signaling, catalysis of biochemical reactions (enzymes), and immune responses.

Understanding that ribosomes are specifically responsible for translating genetic information into functional proteins highlights their integral role in maintaining the life of the cell, making protein synthesis their primary function.