What is the process called when bacteria reproduce by splitting in half?

The process by which bacteria reproduce by splitting in half is known as binary fission. In this asexual reproduction method, a single bacterial cell grows and then divides into two identical daughter cells. This process involves the replication of the bacterium's DNA so that each new cell receives a complete copy of the genetic material.

Binary fission is a rapid means of reproduction, allowing populations of bacteria to increase quickly under favorable conditions. This method contrasts with other reproductive processes such as mitosis, which is typically associated with eukaryotic cells, and meiosis, which involves genetic recombination and is crucial for sexual reproduction in organisms. Conjugation, on the other hand, involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria but does not result in direct reproduction. Thus, binary fission is the accurate term for bacterial reproduction through splitting in half.