What process do chemoautotrophs perform?

Chemoautotrophs perform chemosynthesis, which is the process by which these organisms convert inorganic substances into organic compounds using energy derived from chemical reactions, often involving the oxidation of molecules like hydrogen sulfide or ammonia. Unlike autotrophs that rely on sunlight to produce food through photosynthesis, chemoautotrophs thrive in environments where sunlight is not available—such as deep-sea vents—by utilizing the energy from chemical reactions to synthesize the organic material they need to survive.

This process is essential in various ecosystems, particularly in extreme environments where light does not penetrate, illustrating the diverse strategies life employs to capture energy and build nutrients. Chemosynthesis plays a crucial role in sustaining these ecosystems, forming the base of the food web for many extremophiles.