Which molecule helps in translating the genetic code into proteins?

The molecule that plays a crucial role in translating the genetic code into proteins is transfer RNA (tRNA). During the process of translation, tRNA molecules recognize and bind to specific codons on messenger RNA (mRNA) through their anticodon regions. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid that corresponds to the codon it pairs with. This interaction contributes to the assembly of amino acids in the correct order, forming a polypeptide chain, which ultimately folds into a functional protein.

In the context of protein synthesis, mRNA serves as the template that contains the encoded genetic information, while ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. DNA, on the other hand, is responsible for storing genetic information but does not directly participate in the translation process. Therefore, tRNA is the key player in translating the mRNA sequence into a functional protein through its role in delivering amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.