Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are recognized as the powerhouse of the cell because they are the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through cellular respiration. This process converts the energy stored in glucose and other organic molecules into ATP, which serves as an energy currency for various cellular functions. Mitochondria have a unique double membrane structure; the inner membrane is highly folded into structures known as cristae, which increases the surface area available for ATP production. This organelle plays a critical role not just in energy metabolism but also in regulating cellular metabolism, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and other essential biochemical processes.

In contrast, other organelles serve different functions; for example, the nucleus stores genetic information and orchestrates cell activities, chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis in plant cells, and the endoplasmic reticulum aids in the synthesis of proteins and lipids. Each organelle has a specialized role, reinforcing the importance of mitochondria specifically as the energy generator in cellular processes.