Which term describes a compound with at least one carbonyl group bonded to a carbon atom?

The correct term for a compound with at least one carbonyl group (a functional group characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom) directly bonded to a carbon atom is an aldehyde. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde features a carbonyl group located at the end of a carbon chain, which is distinct from ketones, where the carbonyl group is located within the chain.

In the context of aldehydes, the presence of the carbonyl group at the terminus of the molecule gives this class of compounds unique reactivity and properties. The general structure of an aldehyde can be represented as R-CHO, where R is a hydrocarbon chain or hydrogen, and the carbonyl carbon is also bonded to a hydrogen atom.

While amino acids, ketones, and alcohols include functional groups related to carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, they are defined by their own specific structures and properties. Amino acids contain both an amino group and a carboxyl group, ketones are characterized by having the carbonyl group bonded to two other carbons, and alcohols contain one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. Thus, the defining feature of an aldehyde, specifically its terminal carbon